US Intensifies Military Air Campaign in Somalia
The United States has significantly increased its military air operations in Somalia, conducting a staggering 111 air strikes against militant groups since President Donald Trump resumed office. These operations have resulted in civilian casualties, raising substantial concerns among human rights advocates. A recent strike on December 14 targeted members of the militant group al-Shabaab, approximately 50 kilometers northeast of Kismayo.
Escalation of Air Strikes
The escalation began in February when Trump ordered the first air strike of his administration. A few months later, a senior US Navy admiral declared that the US had executed what he termed “the largest air strike in the history of the world,” marking a significant shift from the previous administration’s policy.
Historical Context
This year’s total of strikes has already surpassed the combined number conducted under the administrations of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Joe Biden. If the current pace continues, Trump could exceed his earlier record of 219 strikes in his first term.
Targeting Militants
The intensified military efforts primarily target al-Shabaab, an affiliate of al-Qaeda that has been in conflict with Somalia’s government since 2007. This group holds significant control over large areas of southern and central Somalia, while ISIL (ISIS), a smaller faction, operates in the northeast with nearly 1,500 fighters.
Impact of the Conflict
According to the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Somalia’s ongoing conflict with armed groups has resulted in approximately 7,289 fatalities over the past year, making it the third-deadliest war in Africa during that period.
US Military Involvement
The United States has traditionally supported Somalia’s federal government by training elite forces and conducting air strikes to back local military operations. There is a notable increase in the number of strikes following a directive from US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, which lifted previous restrictions that mandated White House approval for strikes outside designated war zones. This change has empowered AFRICOM commanders with greater autonomy to execute attacks.
Drivers Behind the Increase
David Sterman, a senior policy analyst at the New America Foundation, has indicated there seems to be a “demand signal from the White House for escalation,” allowing more offensive uses of strikes with less oversight. He points out two key factors contributing to the rise in operations:
- Over half of the air strikes have supported Somalia’s Puntland region in its campaign against ISIL-Somalia following an attack on a military convoy in December.
- Strikes have shifted from targeting high-ranking individuals to sustained operations directed at militants who have retreated into mountainous caves in northern Somalia.
Concerns Over Civilian Casualties
Despite the military’s objectives, the rising number of air strikes has ignited concerns regarding civilian safety. Reports from Drop Site News in December indicated that at least 11 civilians, including seven children, lost their lives during a strike in the Lower Jubba region on November 15. Although Africa Command acknowledged its involvement in supporting Somali forces, they did not address these civilian casualties specifically.
Political Context
In the backdrop of these military operations, Trump’s recent remarks directed at Somali immigrants in Minnesota have also drawn criticism. As federal authorities get ready to implement a significant crackdown on undocumented Somalis in the area, his comments have faced backlash from various communities, from Mogadishu to Minneapolis.
Conclusion
The intensified military air campaign in Somalia reflects a significant shift in US military strategy under the current administration. With increased strikes targeting both al-Shabaab and ISIL factions, the implications for civilian safety and regional stability warrant serious consideration.
Key Takeaways
- The US has conducted 111 strikes in Somalia since Trump’s return, surpassing previous administrations.
- Increased military action aims to weaken al-Shabaab and ISIL forces.
- Civilian casualties have raised serious ethical concerns amid the intensified operations.
- Political dynamics in the US, including immigration policy, are intricately linked to military actions abroad.