Understanding José Antonio Kast’s Presidency in Chile
The recent election of José Antonio Kast as president of Chile raises a significant question about the nature of right-wing politics in the country and the wider region. With Kast’s third attempt at the presidency culminating in a decisive victory, it’s essential to explore what his brand of right-wing politics truly represents.
The Right-Wing Spectrum
José Antonio Kast has often been labeled as part of the “ultra” or “far-right” spectrum, a stark departure from traditional Chilean conservatism. However, this 59-year-old lawyer has consistently rejected such labels. “Some say I’m extreme. I always ask them: extreme in what way?” Kast remarked back in 2021 after losing to the current leftist president, Gabriel Boric. This time around, he won a substantial victory in the second round, attaining 58.2% of the vote against the communist candidate Jeannette Jara.
Connections to Global Right-Wing Leaders
Kast shares common ground with other prominent leaders like Donald Trump from the United States, Javier Milei from Argentina, and Nayib Bukele from El Salvador, who have radically reshaped their countries’ right-wing ideologies. Yet, there are notable differences in their approaches. The Kast of this campaign differs significantly from the one seen in previous elections, while he has maintained his core political and religious beliefs.
Positioning Beyond Sebastían Piñera
Kast has positioned himself further to the right than the last conservative president, Sebastián Piñera, who served two terms (2010-2014 and 2018-2022) and passed away last year. Kast stated in January that Piñera’s ideas were “ours, but very diluted.” Piñera was Chile’s first conservative leader since democracy was restored in 1990, having differences with Kast regarding their views on the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.
Historical Context
During the 1988 plebiscite, Piñera voted against Pinochet, whereas Kast favored the continuation of the dictator’s regime, even citing some aspects of Pinochet’s military rule positively. Although Kast denies supporting human rights violations, he previously suggested that Pinochet would have voted for him.
Kast’s Political Roots and Evolution
Claudia Heiss, a political science professor at the University of Chile, explains that Kast emerges from the further right wing of what is termed traditional Chilean conservatism, a group that historically lacked strong democratic credentials. This section of the right supported Pinochet, distinguishing itself from those conservatives who became more pragmatic after the democratic transition.
The Impact of Social Movements
Kast’s rise was notably influenced by the social upheaval that swept Chile during Piñera’s second term, which spurred failed constitutional reforms rooted in Pinochet’s regime. His party, the Republican Party, formed in response to this social unrest, allowing him to present himself as a staunch right-wing candidate opposed to negotiations with centrist and leftist factions.
Social Conservatism and Political Strategy
Affiliated with the Schoenstatt Catholic movement, Kast upholds conservative social positions, opposing same-sex marriage and abortion, even in cases of rape as permitted by Chilean law. Nevertheless, during this campaign, he has steered clear of these contentious issues, focusing instead on security and immigration, likely as a strategic move to attract more voters, particularly women.
Future Legislation and Governance Approach
Some analysts believe Kast will not impose his views on social issues through legislation but will adhere to existing laws passed by Congress after extensive debate. According to Guillermo Holzmann, a Chilean political analyst, three words define Kast: conservative, nationalist, and populist. His nationalism is evident in his rhetoric against illegal immigration, mirroring Trump’s proposals, including building barriers to prevent undocumented migrants and encouraging self-deportation.
Kast’s Bold Promises and Economic Plans
Kast has proposed a drastic $6 billion fiscal adjustment over 18 months, raising questions about its feasibility. This agenda is reminiscent of Milei’s focus on minimal state intervention in Argentina. As the result of Kast’s election was confirmed, Milei took to social media to express his delight, stating, “A great joy for my friend’s overwhelming victory. This is another step for our region in defense of life, freedom, and private property.”
Common Ideologies Among Right-Wing Leaders
Kast identifies himself alongside leaders like Trump and Italy’s Giorgia Meloni, echoing sentiments of nationalism and conservatism. During his candidacy, he remarked, “Our ideas have already won: in the United States, Italy, and Argentina.” His attendance at far-right international conferences and leadership roles in networks advocating extreme positions further cements his ideological alignment. Holzmann notes that these right-wing factions share a common anti-left sentiment.
Kast’s Political Journey and Democratic Risks
Rodrigo Pérez Stiepovic, a long-time friend of Kast, highlights that he has never aimed to insult or demean his political rivals throughout his career, which includes decades of political service as a councilor and deputy. However, Heiss argues that Kast’s black-and-white worldview poses risks to democracy, especially given his polished demeanor and established presence.
Conclusion
With José Antonio Kast now serving as Chile’s most right-leaning president since the end of Pinochet’s regime in 1990, the question remains: how will his principles translate into actual governance? It is a pivotal moment for Chile as it embarks on this new political chapter.
Key Takeaways
- Kast’s presidency marks a significant shift to the right in Chilean politics.
- His political brand draws connections to global right-wing leaders while maintaining distinct differences.
- Focus on security and immigration has defined his campaign, sidelining social issues.
- His approach has prompted discussions on the implications for democracy in Chile.